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Sanctions Screening as Entity Resolution: OFAC 50% Rule
Sanctions screening splits into name matching, identity and ownership aggregation. A worked example of the OFAC 50 Percent Rule and the EU approach.

RDF vs Property Graph vs Relational for Knowledge Graphs
RDF, property graph or relational tables for an enterprise knowledge graph, compared on statement provenance, merging, standards and query.

NIST AI RMF Explained: Functions and Data Provenance
NIST AI RMF 1.0 read as an evidence plan: the four functions, the trustworthiness characteristics, where provenance appears, and the records each needs.

NIST AI 600-1: Confabulation and Information Integrity
NIST AI 600-1 lists 12 generative AI risks. How its confabulation, information integrity and value chain actions map to records you can show.

Model Risk for LLM Systems: SR 26-2, SR 11-7, OSFI E-23
SR 26-2 replaced SR 11-7 in April 2026 and excludes generative AI; OSFI E-23 covers AI/ML from May 2027. What that means for LLM and RAG systems in banks.

Model Context Protocol (MCP) Explained
MCP's hosts, clients, servers, tools, resources and prompts under the stateless 2026-07-28 revision, with a JSON-RPC example and its gaps on provenance.

OpenLineage Explained: Runs, Jobs, Datasets and Facets
How the OpenLineage spec models runs, jobs, datasets and facets, with a sample RunEvent, the run cycle, PROV mapping and the limits of job-level lineage.

SOX 404 and IPE: What Auditors Test About Company Reports
How PCAOB AS 1105 and AS 2201 treat information produced by the company: accuracy, completeness, precision, report logic and the controls behind them.

MCP Security: Confused Deputy, Token Passthrough, Poisoning
MCP security against spec 2026-07-28: confused deputy, token passthrough, SSRF, state handles, tool poisoning, trust boundaries, review checklist.

LEI Level 2 Data: Parent Relationships and Who Owns Whom
How GLEIF Level 2 records direct and ultimate accounting-consolidating parents, what reporting exceptions mean, and how to relate entities without merging.

Logging AI Agent Actions: Traces an Auditor Can Replay
A minimum event model for AI agent logs: context items, tool calls, results and human actions, referenced by ID and version, mapped to OpenTelemetry GenAI.

Master Data Management: What a Hub Holds and Cannot Prove
What master data management is, how hubs match and merge records, and why a golden record rarely shows which source said what, when, and who disagreed.

ISO/IEC 42001 Explained: What an AI Management System Is
What ISO/IEC 42001 requires of an AI management system: clause structure, impact assessment, documented information, certification, and audit evidence.

ICH E6(R3) Data Governance: Trial Data Traceability
How ICH E6(R3) section 4 treats data governance: the data life cycle, audit trails, source records, certified copies and computerised systems in trials.

Hallucinated Legal Citations: Lessons from Mata v. Avianca
What the Mata v. Avianca sanctions opinion and two empirical studies show about fake case citations, and three controls that keep them out of a filing.

Delta Lake and Iceberg Time Travel Is Not an Audit Trail
What Delta Lake and Apache Iceberg time travel reproduce, how VACUUM and snapshot expiry bound it, and what to add for actor, reason, source, valid time.

Computer Software Assurance vs CSV: GAMP 5 and Annex 11
How FDA's February 2026 CSA guidance, GAMP 5 and EU Annex 11 scale validation to risk, what evidence data systems need, and where teams over-document.

GDPR Accuracy and LLM Hallucination: What Regulators Said
How GDPR Article 5(1)(d) applies to hallucinated personal data: the EDPB ChatGPT Taskforce, the noyb complaints, ICO guidance, and the controls that help.

Fellegi-Sunter Model: m and u Weights, a Worked Example
A worked Fellegi-Sunter example: m and u probabilities, agreement and disagreement weights, prior, match probability, thresholds and clerical review.

FDA and EMA on AI in Medicines: Credibility and Traceability
FDA's AI credibility framework, context of use and model risk, the EMA reflection paper and the joint 2026 principles, read for data traceability.

Entity Resolution Pipeline: Five Stages, Worked Example
Entity resolution in five stages (standardize, block, compare, classify, cluster): what fails at each, with a worked Fellegi-Sunter scoring example.